Ten questions on Manipur

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Sunday, July 23, 2023
By Namita Bhandare

This newsletter, after a two week break, comes with a trigger warning. Even with their bodies blurred, the 26-second video clip from Manipur that went viral on Wednesday is absolutely the worst thing I have ever seen. But beyond the horror of that one video, there are larger questions around Manipur. Read on...

     

The Big Story

Ten questions on Manipur

Imphal: Women shout slogans as they take part in a demonstration against ongoing violence in Manipur (Source:ANI)

It’s not exactly a secret that women bear the brunt of violence in times of conflict. There is literally a mountain of evidence that documents sexual violence, including rape, during civil strife. (See here and here.)

The public parading and sexual assault, including rape, of “enemy” women as war trophies has an old history. In India, we’ve seen the playbook since the Partition when, according to some estimates, 83,000 women were abused and abducted. And we’ve seen it through the Sikh pogrom in 1984, Gujarat in 2002 and Muzaffarnagar in 2013.

Even if you were blissfully unaware of this unpalatable truth, ground reports about sexual violation of Kuki women by Meitei mobs have filtered through despite an internet ban—this one, for example by Greeshma Kuthar for Suno India dates back to June 12.

The first published story by an academic, Hoineilhing Sitlhou on the sexual assault of a tribal woman was reported on June 1 and was carried on the website NewsClick. The assault, reported Sitlhou, was spurred by fake news of Meitei women being raped.

“I imagined reporters would swarm in to report these cases, follow their leads but the media had been kept busy reporting both sides including state narratives of poppy cultivation, drug wars and illegal migration,” tweeted Makepeace Sitlhou, a freelance journalist and Fulbright fellow.

On July 12, The Print carried a story by Sonal Matharu on the silence at the heart of the sexual violence unleashed in Manipur.

We still failed to listen.

And, then on Wednesday, a 26-second video clip of two Kuki women being forced to walk naked through a crowd of jeering Meitei men, some 800-1,000 of them, finally jolted the nation.

Breaking his two-and-a-half-month silence on the ethnic violence in Manipur for the first time, Prime Minister Narendra Modi expressed his shock and shame. India’s chief justice DY Chandrachud warned the government that the Supreme Court would step in if the government didn’t respond.

[I wrote about the Manipur video and what it tells us about sexual violence here.]

But questions remain

  1. How many more women have been raped and subjected to this violence, which the United Nations classifies as a war crime?

  2. Was the police complicit in this case, and possibly others, in handing over the women to the mob?

  3. Why was there no action or arrests since the 63 days when a zero FIR in this case was lodged?

  4. What action will be taken against police and officials found culpable and failing to protect women?

  5. How many more FIRs have been lodged relating to sexual crime in the state since the violence broke out?

  6. How does banning the internet help the cause of protecting women?

  7. Does chief minister N Biren Singh have the moral right to continue in office?

  8. Will there be a neutral fact-finding team to assess the extent of violence, particularly against women?

  9. What reparations/compensation, in addition to speedy justice, is the state assuringall survivors of violence?

  10. How do you even begin a process of peace and reconciliation?

Read Greeshma Kuthar’s ground report on Manipur in Al Jazeera here.

Patricia Mukhim is the editor of The Shillong Times. Violence against Kuki women was allowed to happen, she writes.

Splainer has a good backgrounder and account of what went down. It’s free to read here.

In numbers

In Haryana, the state with the country’s worst sex-ratio that led Prime Minister Narendra Modi to launch his flagship Beti Bachao mission, the sex-ratio at birth has fallen to 906 in 2022 compared to 2019.

Source: Report by Pawan Sharma in Hindustan Times

Rest in power

Mangala Narlikar

(Source:HT Photo)

When she was a schoolgirl, she was chided for a lack in ambition. Mangala Narlikar remembered that admonishment when she took her first career break as a mathematician following her marriage and a move to Cambridge so that her husband, Jayant Narlikar could pursue his own career as an astrophysicist.

“I had accepted the philosophy of my parents, namely, that the first priority for a young lady should be the family and her spare time can be used for any study or hobby,” Mangala later wrote. When the couple returned to Mumbai in 1972, it was so that Jayant could take up a position at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. Mangala meanwhile immersed herself in number theory, wrote a few books and got involved in writing math curriculum.

But by keeping her relationship with science alive after marriage and the birth of her daughters, Mangala ended up serving as a role model of sorts to other women in science. “Mangala showed that it is possible for Indian women to sculpt our lives in the way we want,” writes Rohini Godbole, a theoretical particle physicist and the editor of Lilavati’s Daughters in a tribute following Mangala’s death due to cancer at the age of 80 earlier this week. “Her life showed us that there is more than one way to be a successful woman scientist.”

Read Rohini Godbole’s obituary here.

Can’t make this s*** up

(Source: HT Photo)

Did you seriously expect Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh, convicted rapist and head of the cult, Dera Sacha Sauda, to spend his happy birthday in jail? On Thursday at 5 pm, Ram Rahim walked out of his present lodgings at Haryana’s Sunaria Jail on a 30-day parole granted to him—his second this year and his fourth since the two years when his 20-year jail term for raping two of his disciples began. He is also serving life terms for two murders. We are told he will be spending this pleasant month at his ashram in Uttar Pradesh.

What’s making news

Bail for Brij Bhushan

To nobody’s great surprise, a Delhi court on Thursday granted bail to BJP MP and outgoing Wrestling Federation of India (WFI) boss Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh. The court undoubtedly weighed in on the Delhi police’s statement that it “neither opposed the bail nor supported it.”

The PM’s reference comes on the heels of the Law Commission’s invitation for public comment on the issue. Interestingly, the same commission had stated in 2018 that the time was not right for a UCC as there was the possibility of ‘disprivileging’ weaker groups.

Singh has been accused of sexual harassment by six of India’s leading women wrestlers. Bail was also granted to co-accused Vinod Tomar, the former assistant secretary, WFI.

Marital rape up next, says CJI

On Wednesday, the Supreme Court told senior advocate Indira Jaising and Karuna Nundy that the question of marital rape has to be decided. Chief Justice DY Chandrachud said he would list the matter after the five-judge Constitution bench wrapped up its day-to-day hearing of a matter challenging the abrogation of Article 370.

Going the last mile

Women who commute on the Metro on a daily basis are averse to waiting for last-mile transportation (from the station to their house, or station to their workplace), particularly if the wait is more than 10 minutes. A survey of commuters in Delhi, Bengaluru and Nagpur by WRI India and Toyota Mobility Foundation found that women also pay more than men for last-mile distances. Read Snehil Sinha’s report here.

Life in plastic (not so fantastic)

Barbie as a feminist icon? Seriously?

Growing up in the era of scarcity, where even ‘foreign’ colouring pencils were a luxury, I lived in a Barbie-free world. By the time my daughters were growing up, Barbie had hit the Indian markets, and my younger one seemed happily obsessed with giving her doll an extreme haircut.

I remember buying a Barbie for the daughter of feminist friends. The father had banned her as a Very Bad Doll for young girls, but her mom whispered to me that her daughter was dying to have a Barbie. I am happy to report, the young girl, like my own daughters, outgrew her Barbie phase, loathes pink and is now a sporty swimmer, singer and community dog volunteer.

Conscious of changing times, and no doubt the very vocal criticism of the doll, toy-maker Mattel has allowed Barbie to evolve from its launch in March 1959 at the American Toy Fair in New York City. Back then, she was modelled on a German sex doll, even though she has remained resolutely sans genitals.

From just sparkly, pink and impossibly thin, we saw the advent of astronaut Barbie (1965, yup, she beat Neil Armstrong to the moon), President Barbie (1992), even Barbie with Down Syndrome (April, 2023). Black Barbie didn’t arrive till 1980, though in 1968, her African-American friend, Christie did.

By 2016, Barbies came in four body types, seven skin tones and 22 eye colours. On her 60th birthday, the standard Barbie had a reduced bust and less defined waist. As a tribute to real-life women achievers from Amelia Earhart to Maya Angelou, Mattel kept launching newer and newer tributes.

[Read History Channel’s Barbie Through the Ages here]

Feminist Barbie? Enter Greta Gerwig

Gerwig made her directorial debut in 2017 with the critically acclaimed Lady Bird and followed through with Little Women (2019). Her indie credentials intact and burnished, she made it to Time’s 2018 most influential list.

But Barbie is not an indie film. It’s a collaboration between Warner Bros—its logo coloured pink in deference to Barbie—and giant corporate toy maker Mattel.

A film made on a budget of $145 million carries an embedded brand endorsement, though Gerwig is smart enough to make a few digs, inhouse jokes and criticism. In an interview to Time magazine, Margot Robbie who plays the lead and is also a producer spoke about telling Mattel’s CEO that the intention was to “honour the brand”. But, “if we don’t acknowledge certain things—if we don’t say it, someone else is going to say it.”

So, hello Sugar Daddy Ken. Hello to teen girls in the real world ripping into Barbie as a “fascist”. And hello to the all-male Mattel boardroom that wants to keep Barbie, literally, boxed in.

Ken’s short-lived imposition of patriarchy, following the lessons he learned from the real world, and the inevitable coup by the united sisterhood is funny, predictable and sad. But it is the film’s most straightforward and, for me, honest feminist message.

Barbieland, where Barbie rules and can be what she wants to be from doctor to president, eating her perfect heart-shaped toast in her perfect dream home, is not a feminist utopia. Far from it. Feminism is not about relegating men to sidekick status—that is the sort of dangerous trope that male supremacists claim. Feminism is about equality. It is about dignity and respect. It really is that simple.

The bottomline: Barbie is plastic and fantastic. The choreography, the bling, the music, the exuberance of Margot Robbie and Ryan Gosling, all of it. But Gerwig keeps the feminism vanilla and bland, steering away from the more uncomfortable reality of the rollback on abortion rights in her own country, for instance.

A one-size-fits-all narrative might work in Barbieland, but the real world is a lot more complicated and the struggle for equal rights cannot be the same for every geography, every race, every socio-economic position.

In the end, whatever the film might or might not achieve, it will have breathed fresh relevance to a 64-year-old brand. Mattel should be pleased by that.

        

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That’s it for this week. Do you have a tip or information on gender-related developments that you’d like to share? Write to me at: namita.bhandare@gmail.com.
Produced by Nirmalya Dutta nirmalya.dutta@htdigital.in.

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